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- WORLD, Page 44SOUTH ASIASlaughter Up North
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- Violence in Kashmir pits India against Pakistan
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- "Brave Kashmiris," came the summons from loudspeakers in
- minarets throughout Srinagar, summer capital of the Indian
- state of Jammu and Kashmir, "the time has come to lay down your
- lives. Come out and face the occupation forces as true soldiers
- of Islam." By the thousands, Muslim separatists answered the
- call last week. Enraged by the detention of 400 locals accused
- of terrorism, they surged through the narrow alleys of the
- decrepit city, chanting "Indian dogs, go home!" and pelting
- police and soldiers with stones. Security forces replied first
- with tear gas, then with rifle fire. By week's end at least 133
- people had been killed, nearly doubling, to 279, the death
- count since the latest round of trouble in Kashmir began 18
- months ago.
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- Though authorities managed to bring a tentative calm to
- Srinagar and nearby areas by enforcing a 24-hour curfew, the
- conflict threatened to pull India and its longtime enemy
- Pakistan into an explosive confrontation. The countries have
- already fought two wars over Kashmir, a predominantly Muslim
- territory that was divided between them when they gained
- independence from Britain in 1947. India has long accused
- Pakistan of arming and training rebels who want Kashmir either
- to form an independent state or to merge with Pakistan. But New
- Delhi has produced little convincing evidence of the
- allegation, which Islamabad denies.
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- India also claims, with more substantiation, that Pakistan
- has interfered by encouraging the Kashmiri insurgents. The
- two-month-old government of Prime Minister V.P. Singh was
- infuriated last week when Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir
- Bhutto abandoned her reticence on the issue and, in response
- to public pressure, voiced support for the militant Kashmiris.
- U.N. observers have reported a sharp increase in shooting
- incidents in recent months along the heavily fortified
- cease-fire line that separates the Indian and Pakistani parts
- of Kashmir. Pakistani soldiers attribute the sniping to jittery
- Indians; the Indians in turn blame the Pakistanis.
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- The Kashmiris' foremost grievance is that they have been
- cheated of democracy by New Delhi. State elections have rarely
- had even the appearance of honesty; the militants greatly
- escalated their fight after the 1987 balloting was blatantly
- rigged in favor of candidates backed by the Congress (I) Party.
- Many Kashmiris insist that New Delhi is bound by 1948-49 U.N.
- Security Council resolutions calling for the people of Kashmir
- to choose their future in a plebiscite; like the administration
- before it, Singh's government has ruled that out.
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- Singh has conceded, however, that the Kashmiris have many
- justified laments. Two weeks ago he appointed as governor
- Jagmohan, an efficient administrator who governed the state
- from 1984 to 1989, thereby prompting Farooq Abdullah, the
- unpopular chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, to resign in
- protest. Eager to demonstrate his goodwill, Jagmohan has
- distributed food during curfews, created new jobs and offered
- nearly $3,000 each to the families of three civilians killed
- by Indian guards. But tempers in Kashmir are still too short
- to be soothed by token measures.
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- By Lisa Beyer. Reported by Yusuf Jameel/Srinagar and Anita
- Pratap/ New Delhi.
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